History of Gamelan Indonesian Music and Dance

Across Indonesia, but particularly on the islands of Java and Bali, gamelan is the most popular form of traditional music. A gamelan ensemble consists of a variety of metal percussion instruments, usually made of bronze or brass, including xylophones, drums, and gongs. It may also feature bamboo flutes, wooden stringed instruments, and vocalists, but the focus is on the percussion. The name gamelan comes from gamel, a Javanese word for a type of hammer used by a blacksmith. Gamelan instruments are often made of metal, and many are played with hammer-shaped mallets, as well. Although metal instruments are expensive to make, compared with those of wood or bamboo, they will not mold or deteriorate in Indonesias hot, steamy climate. Scholars suggest that this may be one of the reasons that gamelan developed, with its signature metallic sound. Where and when was gamelan invented? How has it changed over the centuries? Origins of Gamelan Gamelan seems to have developed early in the history of what is now Indonesia. Unfortunately, however, we have very few good sources of information from the early period. Certainly, gamelan seems to have been a feature of court life during the 8th to 11th centuries, among the Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms of Java, Sumatra, and Bali. For example, the great Buddhist monument of Borobudur, in central Java, includes a bas-relief depiction of a gamelan ensemble from the time of the Srivijaya Empire, c. 6th-13th centuries CE. The musicians play stringed instruments, metal drums, and flutes. Of course, we do not have any record of what the music these musicians were playing sounded like, sadly. Classical Era Gamelan During the 12th to 15th centuries, the Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms began to leave more complete records of their doings, including their music. Literature from this era mentions the gamelan ensemble as an important element of court life, and further relief carvings on various temples support the importance of metal percussion music during this period. Indeed, members of the royal family and their courtiers were all expected to learn how to play gamelan and were judged on their musical accomplishments as much as their wisdom, bravery, or physical appearance. The Majapahit Empire (1293-1597) even had a government office in charge of supervising the performing arts, including gamelan. The arts office oversaw the construction of musical instruments, as well as scheduling performances at the court. During this period, inscriptions and bas-reliefs from Bali show that the same types of musical ensembles and instruments were prevalent there as in Java; this is not surprising since both islands were under the control of the Majapahit emperors. During the Majapahit era, the gong made its appearance in Indonesian gamelan. Likely imported from China, this instrument joined other foreign additions such as stitched-skin drums from India and bowed strings from Arabia in some types of gamelan ensembles. The gong has been the longest-lasting and most influential of these imports. Music and the Introduction of Islam During the 15th century, the people of Java and many other Indonesian islands gradually converted to Islam, under the influence of Muslim traders from the Arabian peninsula and south Asia. Fortunately for gamelan, the most influential strain of Islam in Indonesia was Sufism, a mystical branch that values music as one of the pathways to experiencing the divine. Had a more legalistic brand of Islam been introduced, it might have resulted in the extinction of gamelan in Java and Sumatra. Bali, the other major center of gamelan, remained predominantly Hindu. This religious schism weakened the cultural ties between Bali and Java, although trade continued between the islands throughout the 15th to 17th centuries. As a result, the islands developed different forms of gamelan. Balinese gamelan began to emphasize virtuosity and quick tempos, a trend later encouraged by Dutch colonists. In keeping with Sufi teachings, Javas gamelan tended to be slower in tempo and more meditative or trance-like. European Incursions In the mid-1400s, the first European explorers reached Indonesia, intent on elbowing their way into the rich Indian Ocean spice and silk trade. The first to arrive were the Portuguese, who started out with small-scale coastal raids and piracy but managed to capture the key straits at Malacca in 1512. The Portuguese, along with the Arab, African, and Indian slaves they brought with them, introduced a new variety of music into Indonesia. Known as kroncong, this new style combined gamelan-like intricate and interlocking musical patterns with western instrumentation, such as the ukulele, cello, guitar, and violin. Dutch Colonization and Gamelan In 1602, a new European power made its way into Indonesia. The powerful Dutch East India Company ousted the Portuguese and began to centralize power over the spice trade. This regime would last until 1800 when the Dutch crown took over directly. Dutch colonial officials left only a few good descriptions of gamelan performances. Rijklof van Goens, for example, noted that the king of Mataram, Amangkurat I (r. 1646-1677), had an orchestra of between thirty and fifty instruments, primarily gongs. The orchestra played on Mondays and Saturdays when the king entered the court for a type of tournament. van Goens describes a dance troupe, as well, of between five and nineteen maidens, who danced for the king to the gamelan music. Gamelan in Post-Independence Indonesia Indonesia became fully independent of the Netherlands in 1949. The new leaders had the unenviable task of creating a nation-state out of a collection of different islands, cultures, religions, and ethnic groups. The Sukarno regime established publicly-funded gamelan schools during the 1950s and 1960s, in order to encourage and sustain this music as one of the national art forms of Indonesia. Some Indonesians objected to this elevation of a musical style associated primarily with Java and Bali as a national art form; in a multiethnic, multicultural country, of course, there are no universal cultural properties. Today, gamelan is an important feature of shadow puppet shows, dances, rituals, and other performances in Indonesia. Although stand-alone gamelan concerts are unusual, the music may also be heard frequently on the radio. Most Indonesians today have embraced this ancient musical form as their national sound. Sources: Bali and Beyond: A History of Gamelan.Gamelan: Venerable Lake of Honey, University of MichiganJavanese Gamelan: A History of Gamelan MusicSpiller, Henry. Gamelan: The Traditional Sounds of Indonesia, Volume 1, ABC-CLIO, 2004.Sumarsam. Gamelan: Cultural Interaction and Musical Development in Central Java, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

THE DEVIL WEARS PRADA Essay - 2910 Words

Urban History – To what extent how do the urbanism theories applied on movie, â€Å"The Devil Wears Prada† in terms of creating the XXXXX Parima Introduction When we hear the name of the movie, The Devil Wears Prada, it may triggers you to imagine about the glory of the fashion industry. The story takes place in an urban city, New York where the heterogeneity and the trend of fashion is always created. The main characters in this movie, Andrea Sachs is a journalist who had just graduated from university and started working as the second assistant of the authoritative CEO of â€Å"Runway Fashion Magazine†, Miranda Priestly. The story mainly happens in between the two protagonists in the company with the theme of consumerism in the†¦show more content†¦Runway, the name of the fashion magazine company she works with, has transformed Andreas identity through out the story. This can be seen in the scene when Andrea asks Nigel, who is the Miranda’s fashion assistant to change her image after Miranda criticized on her look. After Nigel transform her, this change impact on her career and self-esteem. Since she changes the way she dresses, her personality is also changed. This had a strong influence to improve the relationships with her manager, Miranda. She is the representation of the capitalism’s ideal beauty myth, accepted the transformation of the protagonist. Another evidence showing that fashion gives a change on protagonists identity and personality is the saying of protagonist’s boyfriend, Nate. He prefers the way the main protagonist had been before the transformation. Since the accentuation of the protagonist’s apparel was shifted in the new community is changed, she become the ‘Runway girl’. From the aforementioned ideas above, it is well described that the film illustrates us the enormous influence on fashion to change ones identity. This idea can be connected to the theory mentioned by Georg Simmel. Under his theory, he referred to the flash speed of changes in fashion industry (Simmel p.187). â€Å"Fashion is a form of imitation and so of social equalization, but, paradoxically, in changing incessantly, it differentiates one time from another and one social stratum from another. ItShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Devil Wears Prada 2071 Words   |  9 Pages Women in Comedy: The Devil Wears Prada Before I start off with this analysis on women in comedy, I would like to point out my privilege, my male privilege to be exact. Although I label myself as a feminist my analysis on this topic may be askew because I am male and I am not directly affected by the actions of the sexist, misogynistic views of how society believes women should act. I will try my best to empathize, and put myself in their (women’s) shoes throughout the whole analysis. 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GAAP and IFRS free essay sample

There are differences that exist between the US GAAP and IFRS (International GAAP), nonetheless right now there is a convergence project existing between the FASB and the IASB, which issue these GAAPs in that order to narrow down the differences between the two. This is so that there are no misinterpretations when using either GAAPs. With that mentioned, the following differences exist between the US GAAP and IFRS (International GAAP). Inventory Measurement GAAP clarifies that inventory value is measured based on FIFO, LIFO and weighted average method, but IFRS does not allow the use of LIFO method. Recognition of Revenue from Services GAAP accepts the money as revenue when total services are provided and contract of services is completed, however if there is work pending under the service contract, then it cannot recognize the revenue from service. Nonetheless, IFRS allows the showing of the revenue even when some parts of services are pending. We will write a custom essay sample on GAAP and IFRS or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"IFRS also use zero profit model in case if we can not be reasonably calculate the revenue† (Difference between GAAP and IFRS). Difference in Construction Contracts Revenue Recognition a) In GAAP: â€Å"We can show the % of completed work and recognise its revenue for showing in our financial statement† (Difference between GAAP and IFRS). b) In IFRS: â€Å"IFRS uses only revenue approach of % of completion method but it does not use the gross profit approach of % completion method† (Difference between GAAP and IFRS). â€Å"IFRS uses a single-step method for impairment write-downs rather than the two-step method used in U. S. GAAP, making write-downs more likely. IFRS has a different probability threshold and measurement objective for contingencies. IFRS does not permit curing debt covenant violations after year-end† (International Financial Reporting Standards).

Was the atomic bomb nessary Essay Example For Students

Was the atomic bomb nessary Essay Atomic Bomb Necessary . Was it Necessary? August 6th, 1945, 70,000 lives were ended in a matter of seconds. The United States had dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. Today many argue over whether or not the US should have taken such a drastic measure. Was it entirely necessary that we drop such a devastating weapon? Yes, it was. First, we must look at what was going on at the time the decision was made. The US had been fighting a massive war since 1941. Morale was most likely low, and resources were probably at the same level as morale. We will write a custom essay on Was the atomic bomb nessary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, each side continued to fight, and both were determined to win. Obviously, the best thing that could have possibly have happened would have been to bring the war to a quick end, with a minimum of casualties. What would have happened had the A-bomb not been used? The most obvious thing is that the war would have continued. US forces; therefore, would have had to invade the home island of Japan. Imagine the number of casualties that could have occurred if this would have happened! Also, our forces would not only have to fight off the Japanese military, but they would have to defend themselves against the civilians of Japan as well. It was also a fact that the Japanese government had been equipping the commoners with any kind of weapon they could get their hands on. It is true that this could mean a Japanese citizen could have anything from a gun to a spear, but many unsuspecting soldiers might have fallen victim to a surprise spear attack! The number of deaths that would have occurred would have been much greater, and an invasion would have taken a much longer period of time. The Japanese would have continued to fight the US with all of what they had; spears, guns, knives, whatever they could get their hands on, just as long as they continued to fight the enemy. As mentioned before, it is a fact that some civilians had been ready to fight our military with spears! What made it possible that the Japanese would resort to using spears? Why wouldnt they use guns or other weapons? Well, the truth was, the government just didnt have the resources to give out a gun to just any citizen. US naval blockades are one of the major reasons that Japan was so low on resources, and a main point opponents of the decision to drop the bomb constantly bring up. Japan obviously was very low on resources. Japanese civilians were ready to die with spears in their hands, surely the military would do the same. Besides, the Japanese military did still have some resources to go on. So again I must bring out the fact that Japan could have continued to fight, and they would have. And Im sure anyone can realize what would happen if the war continued; more deaths. Admiral William Leahy, Chief of Staff to President Roosevelt and President Truman, wrote, By the beginning of September 1944, Japan was almost completely defeated through a practically complete sea and air blockade. If that was true, how could they have continued to fight and rack up enemy kills? If the Chief of Staff to the President figured they would soon surrender around September 1944; why were they still fighting almost a year later? And how can we be so sure that any other estimates on when the war would end would be correct? Basically, we cant. For all anyone knows, Japan would have kept fighting. .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856 , .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856 .postImageUrl , .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856 , .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856:hover , .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856:visited , .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856:active { border:0!important; } .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856:active , .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856 .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u99b8b542d282656ff26070a479e89856:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Conrad is a Sexist Essay It was the atomic bomb that forced Japan to surrender and in turn saved thousands if not millions of lives. How can anyone be so sure that Japan would continue to fight? No one can say exactly what would have happened, because lets face it, no one really knows. Its possible Japan was just about to surrender, but most evidence would not agree with that statement. Im sure most have heard of a group of men called the Kamikaze. Kamikaze were suicide pilots. They would load an airplane up with explosives and try to nose-dive it into . Was the atomic bomb nessary Essay Example For Students Was the atomic bomb nessary Essay Atomic Bomb Necessary . Was it Necessary? August 6th, 1945, 70,000 lives were ended in a matter of seconds. The United States had dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. Today many argue over whether or not the US should have taken such a drastic measure. Was it entirely necessary that we drop such a devastating weapon? Yes, it was. First, we must look at what was going on at the time the decision was made. The US had been fighting a massive war since 1941. Morale was most likely low, and resources were probably at the same level as morale. We will write a custom essay on Was the atomic bomb nessary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, each side continued to fight, and both were determined to win. Obviously, the best thing that could have possibly have happened would have been to bring the war to a quick end, with a minimum of casualties. What would have happened had the A-bomb not been used? The most obvious thing is that the war would have continued. US forces; therefore, would have had to invade the home island of Japan. Imagine the number of casualties that could have occurred if this would have happened! Also, our forces would not only have to fight off the Japanese military, but they would have to defend themselves against the civilians of Japan as well. It was also a fact that the Japanese government had been equipping the commoners with any kind of weapon they could get their hands on. It is true that this could mean a Japanese citizen could have anything from a gun to a spear, but many unsuspecting soldiers might have fallen victim to a surprise spear attack! The number of deaths that would have occurred would have been much greater, and an invasion would have taken a much longer period of time. The Japanese would have continued to fight the US with all of what they had; spears, guns, knives, whatever they could get their hands on, just as long as they continued to fight the enemy. As mentioned before, it is a fact that some civilians had been ready to fight our military with spears! What made it possible that the Japanese would resort to using spears? Why wouldnt they use guns or other weapons? Well, the truth was, the government just didnt have the resources to give out a gun to just any citizen. US naval blockades are one of the major reasons that Japan was so low on resources, and a main point opponents of the decision to drop the bomb constantly bring up. Japan obviously was very low on resources. Japanese civilians were ready to die with spears in their hands, surely the military would do the same. Besides, the Japanese military did still have some resources to go on. So again I must bring out the fact that Japan could have continued to fight, and they would have. And Im sure anyone can realize what would happen if the war continued; more deaths. Admiral William Leahy, Chief of Staff to President Roosevelt and President Truman, wrote, By the beginning of September 1944, Japan was almost completely defeated through a practically complete sea and air blockade. If that was true, how could they have continued to fight and rack up enemy kills? If the Chief of Staff to the President figured they would soon surrender around September 1944; why were they still fighting almost a year later? And how can we be so sure that any other estimates on when the war would end would be correct? Basically, we cant. For all anyone knows, Japan would have kept fighting. .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158 , .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158 .postImageUrl , .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158 , .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158:hover , .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158:visited , .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158:active { border:0!important; } .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158:active , .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158 .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u84232ed106dd853a164c653a858d6158:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Veteran interview Essay It was the atomic bomb that forced Japan to surrender and in turn saved thousands if not millions of lives. How can anyone be so sure that Japan would continue to fight? No one can say exactly what would have happened, because lets face it, no one really knows. Its possible Japan was just about to surrender, but most evidence would not agree with that statement. Im sure most have heard of a group of men called the Kamikaze. Kamikaze were suicide pilots. They would load an airplane up with explosives and try to nose-dive it into an .

Black Beauty Essays - Employment, Job, Occupations,

Black Beauty Persuasive essay Would you like to get a high paying job? Then you need to go to school. Without an education you can't get a get good job. An education is what you need. An education is a great accomplishment. A higher education can get you a higher paying Job. Without money you can't get things, and Without education you would be working at McDonald's or something, if you had a education you could be something better, now if You want to be a lawyer you need a degree. That's why an education important. Getting an education is what the smart thing to do is. Don't get me wrong though it's hard to get an education. I think the main reason why people drop out is because they probably get bored and can't take it going to school. The way I see it is you place in your head that when you get out of collage your going to get a great high paying job. I guarantee that if you get an education you will get a high paying job. Now don't you want a high paying job?

Cooper Industries Corporate Strategy Essay Example

Cooper Industries Corporate Strategy Essay Example Cooper Industries Corporate Strategy Essay Cooper Industries Corporate Strategy Essay Q1. What is Cooper’s corporate scheme Cooper Industries’ chief corporate scheme is wide variegation through M A ; A. Cooper Industries acquired houses in order to decrease its dependance on cyclical natural gas industry and to exhibit stable net incomes. Cooper Industries acquired houses that had stable earning, a wide client base and proved fabrication operations utilizing well-known engineerings. Cooper Industries had a good corporate degree scheme of variegation. Copper Industries acquired both related and non-related concerns. As a consequence, Cooper Industries could exhibit stable net incomes. Reasons for Cooper’s variegation Menaces of its original industry: Low growing degree Unstable market ( cyclic ) Technology Issues Expensive labour and high costs. Cooper’s strengths: Skilled labour and high engineering that could be used in other concerns Financially abundant. In order to forbear from possible menaces and maximise its strengths, Cooper chose to diversify its concern both in size and range. By variegation, Cooper could accomplish: Update of procedures and equipment Retain of Brand power Retain of skilled labour and consolidated workss Retain of inexpensive labour and capital ( by traveling to Southern country ) Overall, Cooper’s corporate degree scheme can be regarded every bit good because it adds value in assorted ways. Cooper could derive market power and economic systems of range by related variegation By related variegation and perpendicular integrating, Cooper could cut down costs of primary goods and support activities below competitory degree. Cooper could besides develop and work economic systems of range by: Uniting duplicate merchandise lines to one division. Apologizing fabrication installations to shut underutilized workss. Consolidating gross revenues and selling plans to assist develop a incorporate market individuality. Uniting gross revenues members from other companies to advance efficiency. Q2. How does it make value? Cooper besides created value by: Geting houses that exhibit stable net incomes and counter-cyclical to those Cooper Industries had. ( e.g. Invested in the electrical concern in late 70’s ) Acquiring houses with high quality merchandises and houses that were market leaders. Concentrating on merchandises that served basic demands and were manufactured by proved engineerings so that Cooper gained consistent net incomes from stable markets with predictable growing. Transfering proved patterns around the company instead than utilizing outside advisers. Experience and judgement of senior direction staffs. Cooper Industries’ cardinal resources Structural behaviours Experienced direction executives. Cash flow is king believing – implementing attending to working capital. Bottom-up strategic programs Centralized activities among divisions. Skilled labour and capital Cooper had skilled labour and capital with low costs. Acquisition-related facets Cooper had strict guidelines for geting houses Cooper conducted systematic supervising over acquired houses. Cooper’s construction Chief Executive Officer Cizik, three Senior Vice Presidents who manage Administration, Finance and Manufacturing services, and three Executive Vice Presidents who manage each division: Electrical A ; Electronic, Commercial A ; Industrial and Compression A ; Drilling. Central control over corporate policy but delegated daily operating determinations to each operating unit. Senior direction is composed of former operators so that it knew what were good determinations to do. Cooper maintained a st rong union-avoidance policy. Cooper’s inducements Executives were paid wages based on the Hay system. Their fillips were 20~40 % of base wages. Division directors had a fillip determined by Corporate Administration and EVP’s discretion. Cardinal directors were granted stock options. When Cooper acquired a house, disposal adjusted wage graduated tables to the same as other Cooper divisions. Cooper besides adopted its standard benefits for medical insurance and pensions for new acquisitions. Cooper’s rating Evaluation was based on Management Development A ; Planning ( MD A ; P ) MD A ; P evaluated organisational effectivity and single strengths and failings by concentrating on the public presentation of cardinal directors. Employees were reviewed by their supervisors. Each EVP conducted one-year reappraisals of all directors in the division. MD A ; P uncovered bing or possible direction spreads and identified people worthy of publicity. It besides distinguished campaigners for interdivisional transportations, which is a cardinal resource for Cooper Industry. Q3. Should Cooper get Champion Spark Plugs? Why or Why non? Cooper should get Champion Spark Plugs Champion was making automotive industry, which was profitable concern and related to Cooper’s concerns. Champion had a strategic tantrum with Cooper’s long term programs such as variegation. Champion Spark Plugs fits good with Cooper’s acquisition guidelines for Diversification. Stable net incomes and gaining forms that are countercyclical to those Cooper had. ( Little lessening in gross revenues, nevertheless, occurred yearly ) Although Champion suffered from diminutions in gross revenues, Champion was recognized worldwide and was a market leader in the flicker stopper market. Champion had an internationally recognized trade name name. Overall, Champion was enduring from worsening demands in spark stopper market at the clip of the coup detat conflict. Champion was seeking to perforate the automotive tool concern in malice of its hapless engineering degree. So, in order for both Champion and Cooper to do more net incomes, Cooper should get Champion. Champion and Cooper can both fulfill each other’s demands. While Champion can utilize Cooper’s experience and skilled labour to perforate the automotive tool concern, Cooper can utilize Champion’s world-widely recognized trade name name to research abroad markets.

British Cinema 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

British Cinema 2 - Essay Example A little research into the history of British cinema tells us that in the early 1900s, it experienced a boom or a period of development, which was marred by a recession in the next ten years due to increased competition, mainly from the US and due to other commercial practices. To make the film industry recover from the devastating recession, a Cinematograph Films Act 1927 was put into effect which was successful in achieving the desired result as the 1930s saw a production of approximately 200 hundred films. Some of the names that caught attention were of Alfred Hitchcock. Many argue that this over-expansion had an adverse affect on the industry, which reached an all time low point during World War II period. As with any other industry, it recovered in the post-war period and gained stability with increasing American investment. It was in this period that British films also earned Academy Awards, and Charles Dickens's classics were adapted into movies. However, another period of recession struck the industry towards the middle of the 1970s and continued to last till the end of 1980s. As investments started coming, it recovered from the previous setbacks and continued to develop in the 1990s. Even though, it is impossible to say whether the British film industry was at its high or low judging from the quantity of the films made but it still gives an idea of how it was developing. Many people claim, that some of the best British films were churned out before the world when it was undergoing through recession, so it can be argued that even while British cinema was facing recession, it still had its importance and a strong foothold in the film industry. BRITISH FILM PRODUCTION IN 1990s- 2000s In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the British film industry was facing hard times due to tough competition given to them by their American successes, which attracted a large audience from people living in Britain too. They were faltering times for the British films industry, whose films were not even becoming a success in their own country. Their box-office revenues had nose-dived but changed its direction in 1993 and cinema attendances began to go up. Many expensive and high-budget films were also produced. However, they did not become as much a success as the lower budgeted movies became because of their different story line and advanced sound techniques which also received international appreciation, including American audiences. Four Weddings and a Funeral released in 1994 became a huge success and revived interest in British cinema. It was produced by Duncan Kenworthy, Working Title Films and Channel Four Films and was penned by Richard Curtis. The issues faced by British film production in the early 1990s were countless. The British film industry was in constant pressure of releasing huge budgeted successes to compete with the successes achieved in America. Unfortunately, for the British films industry, making huge-budgeted movies did not guarantee success and the audience was somewhat getting bored of stereotypical roles in movies given to actors. Productions costs were rising dramatically what with the search for additional and advanced equipments for film making and newer technology to improve the quality of sound. Computer generated images had begun to be used in movies and the added