All About Ronald Reagan, The 40th U.S. President

Reagan was born on February 6, 1911 in Tampico, Illinois. He worked at various jobs growing up. He had a very happy childhood. He was taught to read by his mother when he was five. He attended local public schools. He then enrolled at Eureka College in Illinois where he played football and made average grades. He graduated in 1932. Family Ties: Father: John Edward Jack Reagan - Shoe salesman.Mother: Nelle Wilson Reagan.Siblings: One older brother.Wife: 1) Jane Wyman - Actress. They were married from January 26, 1940 until they divorced on June 28, 1948. 2) Nancy Davis - Actress. They were married on March 4, 1952.Children: One daughter by first wife - Maureen. One adopted son with first wife - Michael. One daughter and one son by second wife - Patti and Ronald Prescott. Ronald Reagans Career Before the Presidency: Reagan began his career as a radio announcer in 1932. He became the voice of Major League Baseball. In 1937, he became an actor with a seven year contract with Warner Brothers. He moved to Hollywood and made about fifty movies. Reagan was elected Screen Actors Guild President in 1947 and served until 1952 and again from 1959-60. In 1947, he testified before the House concerning Communist influences in Hollywood. From 1967-75, Reagan was the Governor of California. World War II: Reagan was part of the Army Reserve and was called  to active duty after Pearl Harbor. He was in the Army from 1942-45 rising to the level of Captain. However, he never took part in combat and stated stateside. He narrated training films and was in the Army Air Force First Motion Picture Unit. Becoming the President: Reagan was the obvious choice for the Republican nomination in 1980. George Bush was chosen to run as his vice president. He was opposed by President Jimmy Carter. The campaign centered on inflation, the gasoline shortage, and the Iran hostage situation. Reagan won with 51% of the popular vote and 489 out of 538 electoral votes. Life After the Presidency: Reagan retired after his second term in office to California. In 1994, Reagan announced that he had Alzheimers Disease and left public life. He died of pneumonia on June 5, 2004. Historical Significance: Reagans largest significance was his role in helping bring down the Soviet Union. His massive buildup of weapons which the USSR could not match and his friendship with Premier Gorbachev helped usher in a new era of openness which eventually caused the breakup of the USSR into individual states. His presidency was marred by the events of the Iran-Contra Scandal. Events and Accomplishments of Ronald Reagan’s Presidency: Soon after Reagan took office, an assassination attempt was made on his life. On March 30, 1981, John Hinckley, Jr. shot six rounds at Reagan. He was hit by one of the bullets which caused a collapsed lung. His Press Secretary James Brady, policeman Thomas Delahanty, and Secret Service agent Timothy McCarthy were also all hit. Hinckley was found not guilty by reason of insanity and was committed to a mental institution. Reagan adopted an economic policy whereby tax cuts were created to help increase savings, spending, and investment. Inflation went down and after a time so did unemployment. However, a huge budget deficit was created. A lot of terrorist acts occurred during Reagans time in office. For example, in April 1983 an explosion occurred at the U.S. embassy in Beirut. Reagan claimed that five countries typically harbored aided terrorists: Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, and Nicaragua. Further, Muammar Qaddafi was singled out as the primary terrorist. One of the major issues of Reagans second administration was the Iran-Contra Scandal. This involved several individuals throughout the administration. In exchange for selling arms to Iran, money would be given to the revolutionary Contras in Nicaragua. The hope was also that by selling arms to Iran, terrorist organizations would be willing to give up hostages. However, Reagan had spoken out that America would never negotiate with terrorists. The revelations of the Iran-Contra scandal caused one of the major scandals of the 1980s.In 1983, the U.S. invaded Grenada to rescue threatened Americans. They were rescued and the leftists were overthrown.One of the most important events that occurred during Reagans administration was the growing relationship between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Reagan created a bond with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev who instituted a new spirit of openness or glasnost. This would eventually lead to the downfall of the Soviet Union during President George H. W. Bushs term in office.

Essay on Childhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders

Childhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders Recently, a great amount of psychological literature has focused on finding biological and genetic causes of mental illnesses and disorders, including eating disorders. However, according to recent twin studies, the heritability component of eating disorders may only account for 0% to 70% of the variance (Fairburn, Cowen, Harrison, 1999). The leaves an ample amount of room for speculation of possible environmental risk factors for eating disorders. In this paper, I wish to examine one possible environmental risk that has received attention since the mid-80’s. Since that time, researchers have searched to determine the relationship between childhood sexual abuse, or trauma in†¦show more content†¦For example, in a study of Japanese women, controls were MORE likely to have experienced minor sexual abuse and the authors conclude, â€Å"an abuse history is not essential or prerequisite to developing eating disorders.† (Nagata, Kiriike, Iketani, Kawarada, Tan aka, 1999). Also, several other studies, including one by Conners and Morse (1993) found that the rates of having experienced abuse were no greater in eating disordered patients than in the general population. More studies suggest that the apparent correlations may be due to the fact that both childhood sexual abuse and eating disturbances are common in the female population (Conners Morse, 1993; Everill Waller, 1995; Pope Hudson, 1992). As observed in a paper by Dansky, Brewerton, Kilpatrick, and O’Neil (1997), authors of three recent studies have concluded that childhood sexual abuse was â€Å"not a significant risk factor in the development of bulimia nervosa† (Kinzl, Traweger, Guenther, Biebel, 1994; Pope, Mangweith, Negrao, Hudson, Cordas, 1994; Rorty, Yager, Rossotto, 1994). Overall, many researchers have been unable to conclude, from current data, that childhood sexual abuse is a risk factor, or even distinctively related to eating disorders (Pope H udson, 1992). It must be mentioned however, that these studies include methodological limitations such as dependence on retrospectionShow MoreRelated Childhood Sexual Abuse Impacting the Etiology of Eating Disorders1990 Words   |  8 PagesChildhood Sexual Abuse Impacting the Etiology of Eating Disorders Todays literature estimates that as many as 1 in 3 females and 1 in 7 boys have been the victim of sexual abuse. There are about 2,000 to 3,000 new cases of incest each year in each major city in the United States. It is reported by the National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse that in 1993, 2.9 million children were reported to protective services because they were being abused, neglected, or both (Schwartz). 16%Read MoreRelationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse And Eating Disorder Symptoms1635 Words   |  7 PagesBetween Childhood Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorder Symptoms Mallory Holt PSYC 401 Introduction Some studies have shown a correlation between physical, sexual and/or emotional abuse and eating disorders, but there appears to be no casual link. (Tripp, 2001). Between 30 to 50% of adult women report an unwanted sexual experience in either childhood or adulthood. This paper explores the connection between sexual abuse, specificity during childhood, and eating disorders. Eating disorders includeRead MoreChildhood Trauma Can Have A Significant Impact On The Behaviour1460 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood trauma can have a significant impact on the behaviour of an individual. Previous research has shown how trauma causes behavioral problems and can also result in mental disorders in the person. Studies conducted by Gabriele et al. (2002) and Sara et al. (2013) show how incidences of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse are widespread in patients with bipolar disorder. Gabriele et al. (2002) conducted the research to find out the impact of adverse childhood events, mainly physical andRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse Within The United States1417 Words   |  6 PagesChild Sexual Abuse: It’s Prevalence and Severity in The United States Today, Americans fail to realize the prevalence and severity of child sexual abuse within the United States. Though crimes of adult rape are of equal importance, the sexual victimization of children, ages seventeen and under, accounted for nearly 70% of all reported sexual assault cases in 2015. To further the issue, arrests were made in only 29% of these child sexual abuse cases; this means that for every ten sexual abuse casesRead MoreThe Effects Of Eating Disorders On Health872 Words   |  4 Pagesfactors through exercise and healthy eating as well as regular health screenings. However, there is another facet of human health that is less easily identified: mental health. Mental health impacts everyone in varying ways and in varying degrees. Sometimes the symptoms are easily identified, such as with schizophrenia disorders, but other times, the symptoms are hidden and the sufferers remain in silence until the situation becomes dire. In the case of an eating disorder, the disease is not usually madeRead MoreSexual and Gender Identity, Personality, and Eating Disorders, classifications, components, and define DSM IV-TR of these disorders pluse Case Analysis1730 Words   |  7 PagesSexual and Gender Identity, Personality, and Eating Disorders Case Analysis Introduction Abnormal disorders diagnosed in the DSM-IV-TR, a multi-axial diagnostic tool, used by clinicians, psychologists, psychiatrists, and medical professionals for the classification of mental disorders (Hansell Damour, 2008). Axis I and Axis II of the DSM-IV-TR covers classifications of mental disorders that include unwelcome types of distress and impairment, that constitutes mentalRead MoreChildhood Abuse : A Child s Intellectual Growth And The Potential Of Developing Psychiatric Disorders3144 Words   |  13 Pages Introduction Early child abuse poses threats on a child’s intellectual growth and the potential of developing psychiatric disorders such as eating disorders later on within adolescent stages. Eating disorders affect up to 24 million Americans and 70 million people worldwide. 1 in 5 women struggle with an eating disorder or disordered eating. It is estimated that 90% of those who have eating disorders are women between the ages of 12 and 25. The purpose ofRead MoreChildhood Maltreatment And / Or Neglect ) Is Prevalent Concern1582 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood maltreatment (abuse and/or neglect) is prevalent concern. In 2012, the Children’s Bureau reported 3.2 million unique count cases of childhood abuse that were screened. Of those cases nearly 20% where found to be substantiated, indicated or alternative response, which is an estimate of about 686,000 children (unique cases) were victims of abuse and neglect nation in one year. Additionally, nearly 40% of those children did not receive any services. These numbers, again are those cases thatRead MoreThe Seriousness of Emotional Deprivation1225 Words   |  5 Pagestheir sense of security and self-confidence is to be restored. However, if love is minimal and abuse high, the damage will be permanent and the children will suffer emotional impairments for the rest of their lives,† said by Mark Z. Danielewski, April 11th, 2014. The issue of child abuse dates all the way back to colonial times in 1809 before organized child protection began. Back in this time child abuse wasn’t recognized by people as a serious issue so many people were able to kill children withoutRead MoreChildhood Factors And Eating Disorders Symptoms Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesTwo studies were done about childhood factors and eating disorders symptoms. In the last two decades the prevalence of anorexia nervosa in South Korea has increased. The rate has increased from 0.03% in 1987 to 0.2 percent in 2007A study found that the Korean women with AN had higher levels of anxiety, perfectionism and an emotional childhood with a lower number of supportive figures compared to the healthy control group. The study supported ideas that personal vulnerability could be an important

Exploring Factors Affecting the Quality of Life for...

Australia is a vast land with a diverse environment and communities isolated by great distances. Its peoples have a diversity of culture, educational and economic circumstances, health needs, services, and social structure. Therefore the welfare issues experienced and the impact these have to lifestyle within Australia’s different populations would also differ in relation to these factors. This is certainly true for Rural Australia. The biggest factor impacting Rural Australia has been the changes to the economic viability of primary production, one of the largest sources of income for Australia (Australian Government, 2008), affected by globalization, deregulation, privatisation and reduction/withdrawal of services, rising†¦show more content†¦This tightening of expenditure continues on throughout the community. Business may cease sponsorship of the local football teams and individuals may cut back on patronage of local restaurants. Local charities and churches may notice a reduction in donations. It isn’t just the newly unemployed and the businesses that are affected. The general community begins to experience a fall in optimism for the future. ‘Economic downturn with the resulting sense of hopelessness and despair is a major factor contributing to the high rate of rural suicides. A lot of people who get put on the economic scrapheap through no fault of their own feel an enormous sens e of worthlessness’ (Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission,1999, p.5). The newly unemployed can find it hard to gain other employment in the region as most rural areas rely on one major industry for employment. Another problem is that many of the people employed in primary production areas are likely to have limited education or skills and so find changing careers difficult without assistance. Education in Rural Australia is not necessarily valued or available in the same way it is in metropolitan areas. Many children need to travel great distances or live away from home to access secondary and particularly tertiary education. The high cost of living away from home, lack of effective financial support fromShow MoreRelatedHealth Promotion Essay4090 Words   |  17 PagesToday, a greater proportion of the population of many countries is entering older age as a result of medical and technological advances as well as improved standards of living (Goklany, 2007, World Health Organization, 2011). This establishes a significant challenge to the population as individuals, communities and governing bodies regarding health promotion, disease prevention and quality of life. 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ICT developments have made possible a transition in information storage, processing, and dissemination, from paper to virtual and from atoms to bits, which are now setting new standards of speedRead MoreBardot Reort22355 Words   |  90 Pages29 3.4.2 The Growing Strength of the Australian dollar 29 3.4.3 The Carbon Tax will Increase transportation Costs and Decrease Consumer Spending 30 3.4.4 Aftermath of The GFC Has Restricted Consumer Buying Ability 30 3.4.5 The Australian Population is Aging 30 3.5 Issues 31 3.5.1 Product 31 3.5.2 Price 31 3.5.3 Promotion 31 3.5.4 Place 31 3.5.5 Market Research 31 4.0 Objectives 31 4.1 Financial Objectives 31 4.2 Marketing Objectives 32 5.0 Strategies 33 5.1 Product StrategyRead MoreEdexcel Igcse Economics Answer49663 Words   |  199 PagesQuestion 1: (a) The population of Australia has increased from 19.2 million to 20.4 million over the time period. The data in the graph shows that net migration is falling. However, there are still more people entering the country than leaving. In 2008, net migration was 3.72 per 1000. Consequently, the growth in Australia’s population is due, at least in part, to growing numbers of immigrants.  © Pearson Education Ltd 2010 3 (b) As the size of Australia’s population grows there will beRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesCase 1.2: Pharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the Global AIDS Epidemic Part Two The Role of Culture 89 94 105 4 The Meanings and Dimensions of Culture The World of International Management: The Cultural Roots of Toyota’s Quality Crisis The Nature of Culture Cultural Diversity Values in Culture Value Differences and Similarities across Cultures Values in Transition Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Trompenaars’s Cultural Dimensions 106 106 108 109 113 113 114 116 122 Read MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 PagesBritain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham and Eastbourne To my mother Evangelia and in loving memory of my father Nicholas (GNG) To my mother, Helen Lieck, and in remembrance of my father, Arthur Louis Lieck, who together taught me what was important in life (KLN) This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments Notes on the Contributors Introduction xi xiii xxi 1 Mergers and Acquisitions: A Global View Karyn L. Neuhauser 1 2 What Drives Acquisitions? A Market-Manager

Dove report free essay sample

An Introduction to Dove In 1957, Unilever introduced Dove into the market as a single product: a beauty soap bar. And it was not just ordinary soap, but touted as having more moisturizing qualities than the top brands at that time and therefore suitable for dry sensitive skin. And in the 1980s, the brand launched a new product line, which constitutes of liquid body wash, shampoo and conditioner, deodorant/anti-perspirants and body lotion—just to name a few. Today Dove is no stranger to the average Singaporean consumer. Its products are sold virtually in all supermarkets, personal care shops and mom-to-pop shops in Singapore, among many other places. Often sharing the shelves with other popular personal care brands such as Lux and Dettol, Dove is more geared towards the female market and the brand is easily recognized with its trademark logo, a soft silhouette of a golden dove. When it comes to advertising, the brand is famous for its thought-provoking campaigns and short films that focus on the self-esteem of women. A simple visit to Unilever Singapore’s website will tell you that Dove is â€Å"the world’s number 1 cleansing brand with double digit growth†, â€Å"outsells all other skin care bars combined† and â€Å"over 1 billion showers taken with Dove products in US each year. † Which makes one wonder: How many such showers are taken in Singapore yearly? The Target Customer Statistics in Singapore All information here is updated as of 2012, unless otherwise stated. Population Age Structure Below 20 years 885,200 20-64 years old 2,554,400 65 years Over 378,600 Sex Ratio There are 970 males in every 1000 females. Males 1,880,000 Females 1,938,200 Ethnic Groups Chinese 74. 1% Malay 13. 4% Indian 9. 2% Others 3. 3% Religions (aged 15 years older) Households Housing Most Singaporeans live in public housing apartments provided by HDB (House Development Board). These HDB flats are located in housing estates, which have their own set of amenities and facilities. 90. 1% of Singaporeans own a home. Number of Resident Households 1, 152, 000 Average Household Size 3. 53 persons Resident Households by Type of Dwelling A three-room flat has two bedrooms in about 70 m2 (750 sqft). A four-room flat has three bedrooms and space of about 90 m2 (970 sqft) of space. A five-room is about 110 m2 (1,200 sq ft). Some have an extra room that is used as a study, and others have a dining area. An executive apartment has three bedrooms and separate dining and living rooms, with 150 m2 (1,600 sq ft) of space. Total living in HDB flats 81. 6% 1- 2-Room 4. 7% 3-Room 18. 6% 4-Room 32. 6% 5-Room Executive Flats 25. 5% Condominiums Other Apartments 12. 1% Landed Properties 6. 0% Education Highest qualification attained of resident non-student population, by age group and sex Employment (as of March 2013) Total Employed 3,386,500 Total Unemployed 1,900 Monthly Income Median Household Income Per Person $2127 Median Resident Household Income $7,566 Culture, attitudes and beliefs Singapore is a very diverse and young country. It has many languages, religions, and cultures for a country its size. Due to the many languages and cultures in the country, there is no single set of culturally acceptable behaviours. Each Singaporeans set of behaviour and attitudes is influenced by, among many other things, his or her home language and his religion. Singaporeans who speak English as their native language tend to lean toward Western culture. Singapore, as a country, in general is conservative socially, but some liberalization has occurred. Racial and religious harmony is regarded by the government as a crucial part of Singapores success and played a part in building a Singaporean identity. Buying behavior Singaporeans love to shop, which might explain the large number of shopping places here in this small country. When it comes to buying behavior, Singaporeans are known to own several distinctive traits, which includes being particular for price (loves to bargain) and kiasu-ism. Kiasu-ism is a Hokkien word, literally translated as â€Å"fear of losing†. There is a mild sense of paranoia involved, of fear of not getting the desired item, and placing the self first before others. Such behavior is characterized by barging into places like lifts or escalators, and the willingness to queue in advance, or for long periods of time for said item. Lifestyle and hobbies Dining, along with shopping, is also another popular hobby in Singapore. Food is one of the points of interests in tourism. Due to the many ethnicities here, there is a wide diversity of food which symbolizes a melting pot of cultures. In Singapore, eating is a culture itself. Popular sports in Singapore include soccer, basketball, cricket, swimming, sailing, table tennis and badminton. Dove’s Target Market Dove’s market is targeted more towards female teenagers and adult women, which falls within this range as highlighted below. The heavy half will be towards female shoppers, aged 15 to 44. Estimated no. of people aged 15-44: 834, 400 In an 2007 article by Brand Republic, â€Å"UKs leading online destination for people working in the advertising, marketing, media and communications industries†, Dove was â€Å"departing from phase ones focus on adult women,† and â€Å"phase two hones in on teenagers†, in a follow-up to its ‘Campaign for Real Beauty’, which was launching in Singapore at that time. [1] In 2007 students from Temasek Polytechnic, one of the five polytechnics in Singapore, did a study called ‘Insights on Brands: Perception and Purchase Behaviour of Singaporean Youths’. They did a survey on youths aged 15 to 27 years old. The study revealed that the buying patterns of our youths tend to lean towards cognitive traits, rather than emotive. It states that â€Å"while youths like to try new and different things, as well as tend to follow latest trend and technology, they are more rational in their purchase behaviour than generally perceived. † The study also showed that 81. 9% of Singaporean youths spent $500 and below per month. Drawn to hi-tech and latest trends 86. 5% said they will try new and different things 76. 5% said they tend to follow latest trend and technology Quality conscious 85. 9% Study options before purchase 86. 2% Brand is not the most important consideration only 53. 4% agree that brand is most important [2] Factors that influence a youth’s buying behavior are more towards social and psychological. They are easily influenced by their peers, and tend to buy brands that can reflect their personality. For example, a teenager who frequently hangs out with a group that frequently shops at Topshop and Zara will soon follow suit. And a male teenager who is involved in a rock band will prefer to buy related accessories or make-up e. g eyeliner. And how about the buying patterns of adult women in Singapore? Women obviously have different shopping traits than men, preferring to wander around in shops, compared to men who are more straight-forward in their purchases. A shopping experience is also more important to a woman. Asian women now are more educated, have high-paying jobs and bigger purchasing power, all at a younger age. In an article called â€Å"Marketing to the modern Asian woman: Trends to watch† by Vic Corsi, the Executive Manager of Landor in Singapore, it states that Asian consumers are â€Å"increasingly cynical about traditional advertising and research their purchases thoroughly. † An Asian woman’s shopping behavior is also different from her Western counterparts. Shopping is seen as a social activity where it is not necessary to make a purchase. Asian women also spend more time shopping online, and more open to using new digital innovations, compared to Western women. â€Å"And on top of everything else,† says Corsi, â€Å"Asian women are putting more effort into their beauty routine thanWestern women. † [3] He notes that although Asian women are among the most educated in the world, beauty still holds high importance and on par with success, such as having a good job and education. And since women run the household, they do not only buy beauty or fashion products, but also more towards consumer electronics, banking items and travel. Product Strategy Countries that manufacture Dove products Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Mexico, Netherlands, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey and United States. Today, Dove’s products have reached sales of up to â‚ ¬2. 5 billion a year in 80 countries. [5] Dove’s Product Mix in Singapore Dove sells a range for men too, called Dove Men+Care, but is only available in the US. Their product line is similar to their female counterpart, except for the addition of shaving products. Travel Kits Part of Dove’s packaging also includes mini-sized products for those travelling, called Dove Travel Minis. Their kit consists of deodorant (35ml), body wash (55ml), moisturizing cream (30ml), and a set of shampoo and conditioner (50ml), all inside a handy, luggage-friendly wash bag. Body Wash: Dove Vs Lux For this report, I will be focussing on two products from brands Dove and Lux for analysis and comparison. Lux is a strong competitor of Dove when it comes to their body washes, with their products being sold in more than 100 countries. Below is a body wash comparison between Dove Beauty Nourishing Body Wash and Lux Velvet Touch Shower Cream. Brand Core Benefits Actual Benefits Augmented Benefits Dove Wash body ? Contains ? moisturizing milk with Nitrium (a new moisturizing technology) ? has a characteristic pleasant scent that lingers ? Packaging comes in a droplet shaped bottle ? Dermatologist recommended Social networking sites e. g Facebook and Twitter are used to connect with customers. Lux Wash body ? Enriched with exclusive Silk Protein Extract, a moisturizing ingredient ? forms a light creamy layer on skin, leaving it feeling soft, smooth and moisturised ? Dermatologist recommended ? Packaging comes in a slender bottle with slim contours. Has contests on their website Pricing Strategy Dove’s prices are slightly more expensive than their competitors, but maintain the market price. Below is a list of the prices for each Dove product in every category. I will be comparing the prices in two supermarkets—NTUC Fairprice and Cold Storage. Dove Bestsellers Price List in NTUC Fairprice VS Cold Storage DOVE BODY WASH BEAUTY NOURISHING 1L DOVE ANTI PERSPIRANT DEODORANT ROLL ON WHITENING-ORIGINAL 40 ML DOVE BAR SOAP WHITE BEAUTY BAR (3PCS) 100G DOVE DAMAGE THERAPY SHAMPOO INTENSE REPAIR 700ML Fairprice $10. 95 $3. 40 $3. 35 $11. 70 Cold Storage $10. 95 $4. 15 $3. 60 $11. 70 Here is a list of prices for Dove versus other competitors in the body wash category. DOVE BODY WASH BEAUTY NOURISHING 1L DETTOL SHOWER GEL – ORIGINAL 950ML LUX SHOWER CREAM – VELVET TOUCH 700ML SHOKUBUTSU ANTI-BACTERIA BODY FOAM – BRIGHT 950ML Fairprice $10. 95 $10. 50 $6. 95 $9. 20 Cold Storage $10. 95 $10. 90 $6. 90 $9. 50 Promotion Strategy Media Advertising Dove participates and invests in a lot of media advertising. Dove’s advertising tends to focus on women’s self-esteem. Their short films and commercials are award-winning and have reached millions of viewers. When it comes to advertising, Dove is synonymous with its campaign which is not new to controversy. Launched in September 2004, The Dove ® Campaign for Real Beauty used ordinary women to portray a realistic sense of beauty, which is made up of several phases. Dove alsodoes internet advertising, and has a Facebook page to reach out to its Singaporean customers,where it promotes discussion between fans such as the one below. Although the campaign and short films did not seem to actually promote their products, it was their way of reaching towards new customers by identifying with them. Dove’s short films have won several awards and praise, including two Cannes Lions Grand Prix awards forEvolution, and their latest short film Real Beauty Sketches has garnered more than 55 million views on Youtube. In Singapore, besides TV commercials, their advertisements can also be seen on bus stands and public transport. In 2012, ClearChannel, a media agency, placed Dove posters at bus stands to advertise Dove’s latest hair care series- Dove Hair Fall Rescue Treatment. These posters had a QR code on them, and scanning the codes would result in a chance to win a â€Å"FREE intensive hair tonic starter kit†. Besides ClearChannel, Dove also uses TV, online, print and in-store advertising for the new products. Sales Promotion Dove seldom does large-scale sales on its items, and only does small promotions in supermarkets, for example, for a short period of time. Their products are sometimes packed in a bundle or piggy-backed with others. Point of sales materials include wobblers and display stands. Activities In 2006, Dove established the Dove ® Self-Esteem Fund, in order to educate women on the perception of beauty. According to Unilever US’s website, it hopes to â€Å"act as an agent of change to inspire and educate girls and womenabout a wider definition of beauty. † [5] And in 2007, in conjunction with its campaign in Singapore, Dove had collaborated with local secondary schools and Sngapore General Hospital to organize a series of workshops on eating disorders. Alongside with the campaign, Dove also commissioned a study about the perception of beauty, called â€Å"The Real Truth About Beauty: A Global Report†. The report reveals that most women did not identify themselves as beautiful. Distribution Dove’s products are sold in a majority of shops in Singapore that offer personal care products. These include supermarkets, hypermarkets, drugstores, provision shops and personal care shops. They are also available online in some supermarkets that offer such services. They do not have a specialized outlet or store that sells Dove-only products. Major supermarkets in Singapore include NTUC Fairprice Co Ltd, Sheng Siong, Cold Storage Supermarket, with Fairprice being the leading retailer. Customers that frequent their places of distribution include all ages. List of places selling Dove products Supermarkets/Hypermarkets 1. NTUC Fairprice supermarket 2. Cold Storage supermarket 3. Giant hypermarket 4. Sheng Siong supermarket Personal Care Stores/ Pharmacies 5. Guardian 6. Watsons 7. Venus 8. Pink beauty 9. Beaute Spring Others 10. Provision Shops 11. Value Store 12. Mustafa Centre 13. G-Stores Online Supermarkets 14. NTUC Fairprice 15. Cold Storage Parallel Import In Singapore, some of Dove’s products are sold in certain shops are noticeably lower-priced compared to in supermarkets, thanks to parallel importing of these goods. For example a supermarket may sell Dove’s Moisturizing Body Wash at S$10. 95, but a store that does parallel importing may sell it at S$6. 50 instead. Parallel import is not entirely illegal in Singapore, with rules for different categories. Based on an internet article called â€Å"Parallel import permitted on patented products†, it states that the reason behind Singapore’s policies to allow parallel importing products is â€Å"based on the principle that such products are genuine† and that â€Å"the public should benefit from competition and the lower prices resulting from the availability of parallel imports. † [6] Dove products are mostly parallel-imported from countries like Thailand and Vietnam. Stores that do parallel-imported Dove products in Singapore include Venus, Pink Beauty, Beaute Spring and Value Stores. References Articles 1. â€Å"Dove to Target Teenagers†, BrandRepublic, 26 Jan 2007 (http://www. brandrepublic. com/news/633851/) 2. â€Å"Insights on Brands: Perception and Purchase Behaviour of Singaporean Youths†, Temasek Polytechnic, Temasek Business School, Diploma in Marketing, 10 Dec 2007 3. Vic Corsi, Executive Director Singapore, Landor, â€Å"Marketing to the modern Asian woman: Trends to watch† 4. † Unilever reveals Dove Hair Secret through Clear Channel Singapore†, ClearChannel, 16 July 2012 (http://www. clearchannel. com. sg/resource-centre/press-centre/press-centre-20112012/unilever-reveals-dove-hair-secret-through-clear-channel-singapore http://www. dove. us/) 5. â€Å"The Dove Campaign for Real Beauty†, Unilever US 6. â€Å"Parallel import permitted on patented products†, Miranda, 20 Dec 2008 (http://www. mirandah. com/categories/item/82-parallel-imports-permitted-on-patented-products-in-singapore. html)